What action should be taken if a conscious adult is choking?

Encouraging a conscious adult who is choking to cough is the appropriate action because coughing is a natural reflex that can help expel the object obstructing the airway. It's important to allow the person to try to dislodge the obstruction themselves if they are able to do so. Coughing generates pressure and airflow that can effectively clear the airway in many cases.

While providing water may seem helpful, it can be dangerous as it might cause the object to lodge further down the airway or introduce more complications in a choking scenario. Performing the Heimlich maneuver is indicated if coughing is ineffective, not immediately upon recognition of choking. Laying the person down and monitoring is not advisable, as it may worsen the situation by compromising airway access and function.