What must be done if the airway is obstructed?

When an airway is obstructed, the most critical and immediate action is to treat the obstruction with suction or the insertion of an airway. An obstructed airway poses a significant risk to the patient as it prevents adequate airflow and oxygenation, which can lead to hypoxia and ultimately result in cardiac arrest if not swiftly addressed.

Using suction can help remove any visible obstruction such as blood, vomit, or foreign bodies. Additionally, the insertion of an airway—such as an oropharyngeal or nasopharyngeal airway—can help maintain patency of the airway by preventing the tongue from falling back and blocking airflow. This intervention is fundamental in emergency situations to ensure that the patient can breathe.

While starting CPR, assessing heart rate, and calling for emergency help are all important components of emergency management, these actions come after ensuring that the airway is clear. A clear airway is essential for effective ventilation and oxygenation, so addressing this first is paramount in saving the patient's life.