Which of the following is NOT a reversible cause of cardiac arrest?

In the context of cardiac arrest, identifying reversible causes is crucial for effective resuscitation. Reversible causes refer to conditions that can be corrected to restore normal cardiac function and ultimately save the patient's life.

Pneumonia is primarily an infectious process affecting the lungs and is not typically considered a reversible cause in the immediate context of cardiac arrest. While treating pneumonia is important and can improve a patient's overall health, it does not address the immediate physiological derangement that leads to cardiac arrest. In cases of cardiac arrest, swift interventions focus on rapidly reversible causes to restore cardiac activity, such as addressing fluid deficits, relieving airway obstructions, or correcting hypoxemia and other metabolic derangements.

On the other hand, conditions like hypovolaemia, tension pneumothorax, and hypoxia can all be quickly identified and treated in the emergency setting to restore effective circulation. Hypovolaemia involves a deficit of blood volume and can be addressed with fluid resuscitation. Tension pneumothorax occurs due to trapped air in the pleural space, which can be rapidly corrected with needle decompression. Hypoxia relates to insufficient oxygenation, which can often be rapidly remedied with supplemental oxygen.

Therefore, in emergency medicine and during resusc